Status and Issues on Disaster Preparation Programs in Public Health Center / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review the disaster preparation and response programs and the status of disaster preparation in public health center. METHODS: In depth interview was performed in September 2017 using 5 open questions to the persons who are in charge of disaster response services in 5 public health centers of different levels in Korea. The questions included general characteristics of public health center, disaster programs and future issues. The research hired a quality method. RESULTS: In general, the persons in charge recognized the cooperative agency of local government in disaster management. There were no disaster preparation programs developed by the public health centers. Most of the preparation were passive activities such as emergency support, crisis management on communicable disease and quarantine, participation in biological disaster response training, and education etc. The persons in charge emphasized necessity of disaster preparation programs. CONCLUSIONS: Disaster preparation and responsiveness is an evolving issue in public health centers in Korea. Medical support system and communicable disease management system are being set up in the national level. A comprehensive system covering health management, nutritional support, mental health, environment management of shelter, and volunteers supports on public health center level needs to be developed along with a easy-to-follow manual.

Analysis of Current Status of the Community Health Nursing Practice Education

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals. METHODS: Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis (response rate 29.0%). RESULTS: Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools (66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.

Gender Difference in Quality of Life After Controlling for Related Factors among Korean Young-old and Old-old Elderly / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: As a sequel to the former analysis of the quality of life (QoL) among young-old and old-old in Korea, this research was aimed to identify factors related to the quality of life and the gender difference after controlling for the related factors among Korean elderly. METHODS: Selected elderly data of 1,339 subjects from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010 was analyzed. In this survey, QoL was measured using Euro Quality of Life (EQ-5D) instrument. Data were analyzed using complex survey data analysis on IBM-SPSS 20.0. The related factors were identified using general linear models with backward elimination. The gender difference was tested also using general linear models. RESULTS: The distributions of educational level, family income level, and presence of cohabitant were different between male and female elderly in both young-old and old-old age group. So were the health behaviors and perceived health, and experience of stress, depression, and suicidal thoughts. QoL and its subscales- mobility, self care, daily living, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression- were consistently better among male elderly regardless of age group. Among the variables considered, education, family income level, presence of cohabitant, perceived health, age group and BMI were found to be related to the QoL at p=.05, and presence of chronic diseases at p=.10. The difference in QoL between male and female elderly after controlling for the variables was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Improving QoL is particularly important for the elderly. In order to improve QoL of the elderly, age- and gender-differences need to be considered when developing services and programs for the elderly.

Child Abuse Recognition and Related Factors among Korean Nursing Students / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: This study measures nursing students' ability to recognize child abuse and identifies the factors related to varying levels of recognition. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 370 third and fourth year nursing students using a self-reported questionnaire during November 15-30, 2011. The measuring tool for child abuse recognition used in the study was developed by Ozasa (2011) and is composed of 44 items including physical, mental, and sexual abuse, and neglect. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, two sample t-tests, and regression analysis were evaluated with the SPSS/PC ver20.0 program. RESULTS: Nursing students were concerned about child abuse(85.4%), but knew little about related laws and regulations(14.3%), and they had almost no formal education or training regarding how to recognize child abuse. They only 1.6% reported child abuse even if they encountered such incidents; however, they correctly recognized even infrequent incidents of child abuse. Recognition of sexual abuse ranked highest, while recognition of neglect ranked lowest. Those with higher levels of concern over child abuse showed higher recognition scores. Regression analysis revealed that physical abuse, mental abuse, and neglect had different related factors, while sexual abuse had none. CONCLUSION: Education and training on the subject of child abuse is strongly recommended in nursing curriculums so that nurses will be able to appropriately respond to and report suspected child abuse.

Organizational Personality Type and Citizenship Behaviors Perceived by Public Health Center Workers in Chonnam Province, Korea / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and organizational personality types (OPT) perceived by public health center workers and to analyze differences in perceptions according to organizational characteristics. METHODS: The subjects of this study were workers at 12 of the 22 public health centers in Chonnam Province, South Korea. To measure organizational characteristics, we employed the OPT Index and OCBs Index. Data were collected for one month, from 15 September to 14 October 2009. Data for 422 workers were used in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics and t tests were performed as appropriate, utilizing SPSS/WIN 14. RESULTS: Among 16 types of OPT, ESTJ, ISTJ and ESTP were the most prevalent for the 12 public health centers. The average weight of OCBs was 4.77, and courtesy and civic virtue held the first and the second ranks among OCBs, respectively. Statistically significant differences between types of OPT were detected, in that T type was gender (p=.007) while J type was age (p=.010), education (p=.043) and career (p=.000). Statistically significant differences between OCBs were found in age, education and career. CONCLUSION: Public health centers should have programs to innovate OPT and to improve OCB. The development of such programs should consider characteristics of public health center workers such as age, gender, education and career.

Retraction: Organizational Personality Type and Citizenship Behaviors Perceived by Public Health Center Workers in Chonnam Province, Korea (J Agric Med Community Health 2011;36(1):47-59) / 農村醫學 地域保健

No abstract available.

The Comparison of Functional Status and the Level of Health Care Needs in Elderly Koreans in Health Care Institutions

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare functional status and the level of health care needs in elderly Koreans in health care institutions. METHODS: Data were collected from 2,521 elderly patients admitted in 50 health care institutions (hospitals, oriental hospitals, geriatric hospitals, and health care facilities) selected through proportional stratified sampling in 2008. We used a long-term care (LTC) assessment tool developed by the government, which consists of 52 items with 5 subscales. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were detected in functional status and the level of health care needs among the subjects in different health care institutions. Of the sample population in geriatric hospitals, 48.9% were eligible for LTC Category 1, 20.9% for Category 2, and 17.2% for Category 3, and 13.1% of the subjects were not eligible for any of the categories. Of the sample population in health care facilities, 29.9% were eligible for LTC Category 1, 20.5% for Category 2, and 21.8% for Category 3, and 27.0% of the subjects were not eligible for any of the categories. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate the necessity of the development of an evaluation system that helps determine whether a subject is eligible for LTC.

Health and Nutrition Status of Grandparents on Grandparents-Grandchildren Family in Rural Area / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: This study was to identify and test the health and nutritional status of grandparents in grandparents-grandchildren family in rural area. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 70 grandparents of grandparents - grandchildren family in Muan-Gun. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, regression analysis. RESULTS: The average age of grandparents was 70.1+/-6.6 years old, unhealthy of the subjective health status was 55.7%, MNA score was 21.0+/-3.5 points and 62.2% of the grandparents were shown to have malnutritonal status. The ADL, IADL, depression and fall index of health status were significantly related to the relationship with gender(p<.01), age(p<.05), economic(p<.01) and educational level(p<.01), and partnership(p<.01). MNA score was significantly related to the relationship with acute disease(p<.05), ADL(p<.001), IADL(p<.01), cognitive function(p<.01) and gender(p<.01). And the health status variables and general characteristics were positively correlated while the relationships were positive between health status variables and MNA score. CONCLUSIONS: With the above findings, grandparents of grandparents-grandchildren family have the problems of health and nutritional status. Then health and nutritional intervention program for grandparents-grandchildren family is needed to serve.

A Study on the Dietary Habit in Residents of Rural District Muan of Chonnam / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was to investigate dietary habit for residents in the rural area of Chonnam, Muan. The subjects were composed of 61.2% male and 38.3% female (510 adults). In regularity of meal time, 56.3% of the subjects had meals regularly. The older people were significantly higher than the younger people at regular intervals of meal times (p < 0.0001). The majority of the subjects had appropriate meal amounts. 73.5% of the subjects had balanced diets. Unbalanced diet was higher in younger people than in older people. The highest frequency to dining out was once a month and the lower age was significantly higher than older age (p < 0.001). When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a meal was the taste of food. 62.4% of the subjects ate meat and greasy animal food more than once a week. The younger in age and higher in educational levels have increased meat intake frequency. In the eating methods of animal fat, 37.5% of the subjects were high by eating generally untouched. The older in age, lower in education level have more increased animal fat intake frequency. 60.7% of the subjects took snacks. The kinds of snacks were fruits, coffee, alcoholic drinks, candies and confectioneries, drinkables and tea, milk and dairy products, in order. Consequently, nutrition education is for them with special emphasis on regularity of meal times, unbalanced diets, dining-out and snacks to the younger people, whereas it is the necessary eating methods of animal fat and snacks to the older people.

A Comparison of Characteristics between Home Health Care Needers and Non-needers in Rural Areas

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to describe general characteristics and needs of home health care, and to find the differences between home health care needers and non-needers. METHOD: In this study, 642 subjects participated who lived in Muan, Jollanam-do. Data were collected in August 2001 using a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire was a revised and simplified form of the Organization of Community Health System Program at the Seoul National University. Collected data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis test. t-test. and Chi-squire for cross-sectional analysis. RESULT: The average age of the subjects was 52.6 years and 33.3% of them aged over 65 years. Twenty six percent of them had chronic degenerative diseases. The percentages of hypertension patients and D.M. patients were 6.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The number of family members was 2.95 on the average, 2.19 in cases of families with the elderly and 3.33 in cases of families without the elderly. The rate of disability of the elderly was 10.5%. Marital status (p=.000), the number of family members (p=.000), education (p=.000), job (p=.000) and health insurance (p=.027) were significantly different between home care needers and non-needers. Home care needers had less living expenses (p=.001), more frequent hospital admissions (p=.004), higher chronic disease rate (p=.000) and more frequent visits to public health center (p=.027) than non-needers. Home care needers who wanted free service were twice as many as non-needers. CONCLUSION: Home care need was very high in rural areas and the needers had worse characteristics (low educational level. low income, no job and no family). Therefore, it is necessary to develop cheaper and more accessible services for home care needers in rural areas.

A Comparative Study of Knowledge and Attitude on Oral Contraceptive between Korean and Japanese University Students / 여성건강간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge and attitude about oral contraceptive between Korean and Japanese university students in order to provide better sex education programs and direcrion.Korean subjects of this study were 337 university students in M city, during the period from April 1 to April 20, 2001 and Japanese subjects 245, during the period from June to August, 2001. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS package. The results from this study were summarized as follows :1. The mean age of Koreans and Japanese students was 21.0+/-3.2 and 19.6+/-3.2 years old. The number of Japaneses youths having the parter with sexual intercourse was larger than that of Korean university students. 2. Comparison of knowledge and attitude about oral contraceptives between Korean and Japanese university students ;1) Comparison of sexual differences : Oral contraceptives related knowledge of Korean university students marked 55.7+/-7.5 of male students and 56.7+/-6.2 of females with a range of 15 to 75. The level of female students' knowledge was higher than that of male's but there is not statistically a significant difference (p= .080). Oral contraceptives related attitude of Korean university students marked 81.1+/-12.2 of male students and 76.9+/-10.3 of female's with a range of 24 to 120. The level of male students' attitude was higher than that of female's and there is statistically a significant difference(p= .002). Oral contraceptives related knowledge of Japanese university students marked 55.3+/-6.7 of male students and 57.0+/-6.3 of female students. The level of female students' knowledge was higher than that of male's but there is not statistically a significant difference (p= .159). Oral contraceptives related attitude of Japanese university students marked 80.3+/-10.1 of male students and 80.4+/-9.9 of female students. The level of female students' attitude was higher than that of male's and there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .928).2) Comparison between the country : Oral conceptives related knowledge of Korean university students marked 56.2+/-6.8 and 56.7+/-6.4 of Japanese university students with a range of 15 to 75. The level of Japanese university students' knowledge was higher than that of Korean's but there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .361). Oral conceptives related attitude of Korean university students marked 78.9+/-11.4 and 80.4+/-9.9 of Japaneses with a range of 24 to 120. The level of Japanese university studentss' attitude was higher than that of Korean's and there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .100). 2. Wanted age of oral contraceptives taking medicine and age was correlated positively (r=.178, p=.004) and total knowledge score of oral contraceptives and total attitude score were correlated positively(r=.467 p= .000) in Korean university students. Wanted age of oral contraceptives taking medicine and age was correlated positively (r=.289, p=.004), age and total attitude score were correlated positively(r=.196 p=.002) and total knowledge score of oral contraceptives and total attitude score were correlated positively (r=.671 p=.000) in Japanese university students. 3. Korean university students lifted side effect by the greatest factors in investigation about leading person that disturb work oral contraceptive, and the following appeared by knowledge insufficiency, sexual feeling inflammation worry, social prejudice, sexual morality decline, supernumerary prescription being not right, other person reverse and economical burden. Japanese university students can know that it is appearing by side effect, supernumerary prescription being not right, knowledge insufficiency, sexual feeling inflammation worry, economical burden, social prejudice, sexual morality decline and other person reverse. Think that this is result by dissimilar health medical system and cultural difference between two countries.